Osteopenia

     Osteopenia is the very beginning stage of osteoporosis, sometimes called the "brittle bone disease." Osteoporosis is a serious medical condition that occurs most often in elderly women. It causes the bones in the hips, spine and wrist to lose their density and become thin and porous. The long-term result can be painful fractures of the hips, spine and wrist, making physical activity difficult. Hip fractures in elderly women are especially serious because they can lead to medical complications, a lengthy recovery, loss of mobility and even death.
     Before menopause, women who have many of the risk factors for osteoporosis should consider having the bones in their hips, wrist and spine evaluated. A special X-ray examination can determine the density of their bones against the norm. Here are some of the major risk factors for osteoporosis:

• Sedentary lifestyle
• Small bone structure and petite stature
• Northern European or Asian background
• Lack of calcium and Vitamin D in the diet
• Cigarette smoking
• Long-term use of medication such as steroids and heparin
• Lack of exercise
• Family history

     What can be done if the bone density scan shows signs of osteopenia? Take it as a warning sign. Begin a regular program of weight-bearing exercise. This includes running, aerobics, dancing, weight lifting, skating, tennis and similar physical activity. Avoid smoking and be sure your diet includes plenty of calcium and Vitamin D; both are essential for healthy bones. The doctor may also suggest calcium supplements. Then after menopause, you may want to consider hormone replacement therapy to maintain an adequate amount of estrogen in your body. Estrogen has many protective benefits, including keeping bones strong.